OPINIONS EXPRESSED are those of the author, do not necessarily reflect the opinions of Northern Trust Corporation, and are subject to change without notice. Information has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, but its accuracy and interpretation are not guaranteed.

IRS CIRCULAR 230 NOTICE: To the extent that this message or any attachment concerns tax matters, it is not intended to be used and cannot be used by a taxpayer for the purpose of avoiding penalties that may be imposed by law. For more information about this notice, see http://www.northerntrust.com/circular230.

Northern Trust Corporation, Head Office: 50 South La Salle Street, Chicago, Illinois 60603 U.S.A., incorporated with limited liability in the U.S.

The Northern Trust Company, London Branch (reg. no. BR001960), Northern Trust Global Investments Limited (reg. no. 03929218) and Northern Trust Global Services Limited (reg. no. 04795756) are authorised and regulated by the Financial Services Authority.

The material within and any linked material accessed via this communication is directed to eligible counterparties and professional clients only and should not be distributed to or relied upon by retail investors. For Asia Pacific markets, it is directed to institutional investors, expert investors and professional investors only and should not be relied upon by retail investors.

Northern Trust (Guernsey) Limited, Northern Trust Fiduciary Services (Guernsey) Limited, and Northern Trust International Fund Administration Services (Guernsey) Limited are licensed by the Guernsey Financial Services Commission. Northern Trust International Fund Administrators (Jersey) Limited and Northern Trust Fiduciary Services (Jersey) Limited are regulated by the Jersey Financial Services Commission. Northern Trust International Fund Administration Services (Ireland) Limited, Northern Trust Securities Services (Ireland) Limited and Northern Trust Fiduciary Services (Ireland) Limited are regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland. Northern Trust Global Services Limited has a Luxembourg Branch, which is authorised and regulated by the Commission de Surveillance du Secteur Financier (CSSF). Northern Trust Luxembourg Management Company S.A. is regulated by the Commission de Surveillance du Secteur Financier (CSSF). Northern Trust Global Investments Limited has a Netherlands branch, which is authorised by the Financial Services Authority and subject to regulation in the Netherlands by the Autoriteit Financiële Markten. Northern Trust Global Services Limited has a Netherlands Branch, which is authorised and regulated in the Netherlands by De Nederlandsche Bank. Northern Trust Global Investments Limited has a Sweden branch, which is authorised by the Financial Services Authority and subject to regulation in Sweden by the Finansinspektionen. Northern Trust Global Services Ltd (UK) Sweden Filial is authorised by the Financial Services Authority and subject to regulation by the Finansinspektionen. Northern Trust Global Services Limited operates in Abu Dhabi as a Representative Office. Our registered office is authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of the United Arab Emirates. The Northern Trust Company operates in Australia as a foreign authorised deposit-taking institution (foreign ADI) and is regulated by the Australian Prudential Regulation Authority. The Northern Trust Company has a branch in China regulated by the China Banking Regulatory Commission. The Northern Trust Company of Hong Kong Limited is regulated by the Hong Kong Securities and Futures Commission. Northern Trust Global Investments Japan, K.K. is regulated by the Japan Financial Services Agency. The Northern Trust Company has a Singapore Branch, which is a foreign wholesale bank regulated by the Monetary Authority of Singapore. The Northern Trust Company operates in Canada as The Northern Trust Company, Canada Branch, which is an authorised foreign bank branch under the Bank Act (Canada). Trustee related services in Canada are provided by the wholly owned subsidiary The Northern Trust Company, Canada, an authorised trust company under the Trust & Loans Companies Act (Canada). Deposits with The Northern Trust Company and its affiliates and subsidiaries are not insured by the Canada Deposit Insurance Corporation.