IMPORTANT INFORMATION

This information is directed to institutional, professional and wholesale current or prospective clients or investors only and should not be relied upon by retail clients or investors.

This content may not be edited, altered, revised, paraphrased, or otherwise modified without the prior written permission of Northern Trust Asset Management (NTAM). The information contained herein is intended for use with current or prospective clients of Northern Trust Investments, Inc (NTI) or its affiliates. The information is not intended for distribution or use by any person in any jurisdiction where such distribution would be contrary to local law or regulation. NTAM and its affiliates may have positions in and may effect transactions in the markets, contracts and related investments different than described in this information. This information is obtained from sources believed to be reliable, its accuracy and completeness are not guaranteed, and is subject to change. Information does not constitute a recommendation of any investment strategy, is not intended as investment advice and does not take into account all the circumstances of each investor.

This content is provided for informational purposes only and is not intended to be, and should not be construed as, an offer, solicitation or recommendation with respect to any transaction and should not be treated as legal advice, investment advice or tax advice. Recipients should not rely upon this information as a substitute for obtaining specific legal or tax advice from their own professional legal or tax advisors. References to specific securities and their issuers are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended and should not be interpreted as recommendations to purchase or sell such securities. Indices and trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Information is subject to change based on market or other conditions.  Products and services provided by subsidiaries of Northern Trust Corporation may vary in different markets and are offered in accordance with local regulation. For more information, read our legal and regulatory information about individual market offices. 

All securities investing and trading activities risk the loss of capital. Each portfolio is subject to substantial risks including market risks, strategy risks, advisor risk, and risks with respect to its investment in other structures. There can be no assurance that any portfolio investment objectives will be achieved, or that any investment will achieve profits or avoid incurring substantial losses. No investment strategy or risk management technique can guarantee returns or eliminate risk in any market environment. Risk controls and models do not promise any level of performance or guarantee against loss of principal. Any discussion of risk management is intended to describe NTAM’s efforts to monitor and manage risk but does not imply low risk.

Artificial Intelligence (AI): AI refers to computational systems designed to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence, such as pattern recognition, decision-making, and prediction. In investment management, AI may be used to support portfolio construction, risk assessment, and trading strategies. Machine Learning (ML): ML is a subset of AI that enables systems to identify patterns based on data inputs without being explicitly programmed. ML models may be used in stock selection to identify investment opportunities based on historical and real-time data. Natural Language Processing (NLP): NLP is a field of AI focused on the interpretation and generation of human language by machines. In financial contexts, NLP may be applied to analyze textual data such as earnings reports to inform investment decisions.  Large Language Models (LLMs): LLMs are advanced NLP systems trained on extensive datasets to understand and generate human-like text. In investment management, LLMs may assist in synthesizing qualitative information or generating insights, but do not independently make investment decisions.

Northern Trust Asset Management is composed of Northern Trust Investments, Inc., Northern Trust Global Investments Limited, Northern Trust Fund Managers (Ireland) Limited, Northern Trust Global Investments Japan, K.K., NT Global Advisors, Inc., 50 South Capital Advisors, LLC, Northern Trust Asset Management Australia Pty Ltd, and investment personnel of The Northern Trust Company, The Northern Trust Company (Singapore Branch), and The Northern Trust Company of Hong Kong Limited.

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